Henrik BØegh presents his new
Handbook of Non-Toxic Intaglio
 
 
"Toxicity" is a Relative Term
Henrik BØegh, the Danish printmaker, art businessman and non-toxic apostle has just published his Handbook of Non-Toxic Intaglio, which brings together valuable notes on current practices in less-toxic printmaking techniques. BØegh himself points out that, while there is no such thing as totally non-toxic printmaking, and that "'toxicity' is a relative term," the soap and water, acrylic resist and photopolymer and ferric chloride-based procedures which he advocates are much safer and more ecological, and even cheaper, than acid-based techniques.

The author does not pretend to be the inventor of the non-toxic printmaking procedures outlined in his book, and he acknowledges at the outset the pioneering work done by "people like Keith Howard, Mike Zafron, Friedhard Kiekeben, Robert Adam, and others..."


Washing, Henrik BØegh

 


Hardground, Peter Martens

 

 

 

 


Hardground, Gunnar Nielsen

What we found most interesting about BØegh's book is his affirmation that the new acrylic-based techniques are not "merely substitutes for the old toxic methods and materials." Rather, "What we are dealing with is an epoch-making discovery... which creates a whole new set of possibilities thus far virtually unknown to intaglio printmaking."

Let's have a look at a few of these discoveries:

  • Removing (or not) the Etching Ground (p. 17)
    It seems that the acrylic resist (in reality an acrylic floor polish) clings so fiercely to the copper plate that they can be partially left on the plate during printing. Not only does this mean that the artist can go back and continue work in the ground, but it also makes the plate easier to wipe. The disadvantage to this procedure, according to the author, is that the hard ground leaves no plate tone on the print, for which the ground must be washed off.
  • Hard Ground/Soft Ground Hybrid (p. 22)
    The acrylic-based etching ground system offers a unique possibility of combining hard and soft grounds. The etching ground consists of water-based ink for block prints mixed with an acrylic binder. After objects have been pressed into the soft ground the plate is simply placed in a drying cabinet for 20 minutes, after which time the resist hardens and can be treated as a traditional hard ground, which can then be worked further or etched directly.
  • Sprayed Aquatint (p. 24)
    This method relies on an acrylic resist diluted with distilled water and sprayed on with an airbrush. According to BØegh, the possibilities offered go far beyond the traditional resin box. Besides the usual uniform textured surface, the spray technique permits the application of textures in the form of lines, areas with different densities, clouds, splatters, layers of gradually increased thickness, etc. A creative variation on the sprayed aquatint procedure is the creation of aquatint washes, the intaglio version, according to the author, of watercolor painting. To achieve this, the artist simply brushes the freshly sprayed and still wet aquatint layer, or dilutes it with distilled water and does the same. Results are "stunning," according to BØegh.

Photopolymer Film and Solar Plates
The use of photopolymer film or solar plates to transfer drawings, photocopies, photographs or computer-generated stencils to copper, steel or zinc plates opens up another avenue in non-toxic printmaking. BØegh distinguishes two ways of approaching the procedure, etching and non etching:

  • Etching
    For an etching technique, in which the film serves as an acid-proof membrane while the plate onto which it has been laminated is being etched. They photopolymer film is extremely acid-proof and well suited for even the deepest bites.
  • Non Etching
    For a non-etching technique, which corresponds to conventional photopolymer gravure with photopolymer plates. The depth emerges in the film during the development process.

Hardground/aquatint, Trygve

Aquatint, Henrik BØegh

New Cookbook, Useful Appendices
What strikes us about photopolymer is not only the reproduction possibilities opened up by the techniques, but the whole new "cookbook" which printmakers must take on board in order to work with them. Luckily, Henrik BØegh also offers courses in non-toxic intaglio techniques!

The book includes three useful appendices. For printmakers who want to get serious about the changeover to non-toxic, BØegh provides a chapter on "The Transition to the Non-Toxic Studio," including also some money-saving, do-it-yourself guidelines. Appendix II presents a brief introduction to Scanning and Digital Imaging, and Appendix III includes information for artists who are new to intaglio printmaking.

A Skeptic's Concern
Throughout this entire less-toxic exposition little puddles of toxins keep dripping in through the cracks. Regarding the use of ferric chloride the author says, "Unfortunately, printmakers quite often buy ferric chloride crystals from artists' supply shops and disolve them in water, without the least consideration for the violent generation of extremely dangerous (chlorine) fumes that takes place when ferric chloride and water are first brought into contact." (p. 40) On the subject of toner washings: "Be careful not to breath in the powder while taking a couple of teaspoonfuls of it and pouring it into a glass..." (p.65) And the recommendation for quick removal of thick etching grounds with caustic soda (p. 44) might cause mild alarm to anyone who has experience in using caustic soda as a paint stripper and is acquainted with its nasty bite.

The final question which printmakers will have to ask themselves is: Are the non-toxic techniques less toxic enough and are the new image-making possibilities they open up important enough to merit the changeover required in studio setups and established mind sets. Henrik BØegh is firmly convinced that the answer is yes.


Photogravure, Henrik BØegh

Henrik BØegh's Handbook of Non-Toxic Intaglio is available directly from World Printmakers
Prices:
Europe: EUR 29.95 (UK: GB£ 21)
Outside Europe: US$ 32,95
(25% discount on orders of more than 8 boooks
)
Prices plus shipping

 

 

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